The Land of Enchantment, New Mexico, is known for more than just its beautiful scenery, vibrant culture, and delectable cuisine; it’s also home to an impressive variety of wildlife, some of which have been designated as “official” New Mexico state animals.
7 New Mexico state animals
Join us as we delve into the fascinating world of the state’s symbols in this article, learning about their unique characteristics and the reasons for their significance to the state’s culture and ecosystem.
1. New Mexico whiptail lizard
- Scientific Name: Cnemidophorus neomexicanus
- Status: New Mexico State Reptile
In 2003, New Mexico crowned the New Mexico Whiptail lizard as its state reptile, captivated by its captivating nature as a female-only species. This unique creature was first recognized by science in 1947 in Socorro County.
With its seven undulating stripes, tail shimmering in shades of green and blue, this creature makes its territory along the banks of rivers and in the huge area of desert-grassland habitats. It actively hunts and consumes a wide range of insects during the day.
2. Sandia hairstreak
- Scientific Name: Callophrys mcfarlandi
- Status: New Mexico State Butterfly
The Sandia Hairstreak, which was named New Mexico’s state butterfly in 2003, is a species that lives in North America. It stretches across 24 of New Mexico’s 33 counties, reaching out to embrace the lands of Colorado, Texas, and northeastern Mexico.
Its wingspan measures between 1 1/8 to 1 1/4 inches, showcasing mesmerizing golden-green undersides and boasting a striking white line that elegantly adorns its wings. The butterfly, first described in 1960, has been recognized for its adaptation to New Mexico’s semiarid climate, contributing to the state’s biodiversity.
3. Tarantula hawk wasp
- Scientific Name: Pepsis grossa
- Status: New Mexico State Insect
In 1989, the Tarantula Hawk Wasp claimed the title of New Mexico State Insect, showcasing its striking black body and captivating smoky orange wings. This outstanding parasitoid wasp has become renowned for its unique appearance.
The wasp’s selection was a result of a statewide school ballot initiated by an elementary class from Edgewood, NM. These insects, which are between 0.8 and 1.2 inches long, are infamous for paralyzing the tarantulas on which they lay their eggs, providing a live host for the larvae as they hatch.
4. New Mexico black bear
- Scientific Name: Ursus americanus amblyceps
- Status: New Mexico State Animal
The New Mexico Black Bear, also known as Oso Negro, earned its title as the official state animal of New Mexico back in 1963. Smokey Bear, the U.S. Forest Service symbol for fire prevention, inspired its selection.
These omnivorous animals are common in New Mexico’s wooded areas and can be found from northern Mexico to Alaska. Black bears, which can weigh more than 400 pounds, are protected game animals and can only be hunted with the right license.
5. Rio Grande cutthroat trout
- Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis
- Status: New Mexico State Fish
In 1955, the people of New Mexico proudly declared the Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout as their official state fish. This unique subspecies of cutthroat trout swims with grace and elegance through the pristine waters of the Rio Grande, adding a vibrant touch to the state’s natural beauty.
Native to northern New Mexico and southern Colorado’s cold mountain streams and lakes, these trout have a distinct yellow-green to gray-brown body and red streaks under the throat, from which their name derives. State programs are working tirelessly to restore their populations despite the challenges introduced species and land practices pose.
6. Chaparral bird
- Scientific Name: Geococcyx californianus
- Status: New Mexico State Bird
The Greater Roadrunner, or Chaparral Bird, was chosen as New Mexico’s official state bird in 1949. With its long tail and shaggy crest, this ground-dwelling bird species proudly represents the spirit of the American Southwest.
The Greater Roadrunner’s unique cultural significance is reflected in local lore through its distinct “X” footprint, which can be observed in Hopi tribe Kachina figures. By adopting it as New Mexico’s state bird and litter control mascot, the state showcases its unwavering dedication to preserving the environment and conserving resources.
7. New Mexico spadefoot toad
- Scientific Name: Spea multiplicata
- Status: New Mexico State Amphibian
The New Mexico Spadefoot Toad is New Mexico’s official state amphibian, designated in 2003. The spadefoot toad, found across the state and in altitudes ranging from 3,000 to 8,500 feet, is known for its unique, spade-like hind legs that aid in digging.
The toad’s call, which sounds like a fingernail running across the teeth of a comb, can be heard after monsoon rains fill the low areas. The state amphibian designation emphasizes the creature’s crucial ecological role and showcases the state’s rich and varied fauna.
Louise writes about a wide variety of topics including wildlife, animals, and nature. She’s developed a growing interest in animal biology and categorization due to her fascination with how they interact with one another and with their surroundings.